| N |
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| Nico-Bond |
Norstan,
Inc. trade name for it’s machine composite parts. |
| Noble
metals |
Name
given to a specific group of metals that don’t oxidize
and generally are not affected by acids including Gold, Platinum,
Palladium, Rhodium, Osmium, Iridium,. |
| Non-Ferrous
|
Has
no iron(Fe) in it. |
| O |
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| OFHC |
Oxygen
Free High Conductivity (trade name), a well refine copper material
that lacks oxygen for use in brazing applications where the
oxygen would react negatively with the hydrogen gas used during
that process. |
| Oxidation |
A
coating or scaling that forms on material because of exposure
to open air/oxygen it reduces their conductivity and increases
contact resistance or contacts. e.g. rust |
| Oxidizing |
A
process of heating in a furnace to allow oxygen to penetrate
the material. Oxidized wire has certain properties that are
suited for heading and the finished product properties as well. |
| P |
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| Peripheral
Void |
Areas
on a brazed contact that are not filled in around the edges
where the contact meets the backing piece. |
| Pierce
|
Punch
a hole through |
| Plating |
A
process of electrically coating a metal with atoms of another
metal. |
| PPM
|
Parts
Per Million; 1PPM=1 part in 1,000,000 parts |
| PPAP |
Production
Part Approval Process – a process requiring analysis procedures
to verify parts materials and processes used in manufacture.
This is necessary for QS status on parts a supplier requires
to have verified. It may be necessary to use chemical and or
other microscopy analysis. |
| Precious
metals |
A
group of metals found in short supply often having desirable
electrical characteristics including some noble metals plus
gold, silver, platinum, etc. |
Preoxidized
see Post Oxidized |
Describes
that a material was oxidized prior to heading. The wire used
to make the parts was oxidized prior to using it either in house
or from the supplier who sold it to Norstan. Used for Double
upset parts. |
| Press
and Sintered |
A
process of using powdered metals blending them together compacting
them into a specific shape then heating them up in special furnaces
and atmospheres. |
| Process
variation |
A
term to describe the range of process variance. |
| Progressive
die |
A
stamping tool (die) used to make parts that has multiple shapes
and cutting stations to blank or trim form metal from a strip
of material. |
| Prototype |
An
initial production to verify a design. |
Post
Oxidized
see Oxidized |
Oxidizing
– The process of adding oxygen by heating in a furnace
to allow oxygen to penetrate the material. Oxidized wire has
certain properties that are suited for heading and the finished
product properties as well. |
| Q |
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| QA/QC |
Quality
assurance quality control. The new term is just to us the QA
part since you don’t technically control quality only a
process. |
| QS
9000 |
Another
internationally recognized certification standard that goes
beyond ISO certification. If you are QS 9000 certified it would
include all those things that you did in ISO plus more. |
| R |
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| Radius |
The
term describing the degree of curvature of the face of a contact
part (either convex or concave). |
| Refractory
metals |
Tungsten
and Molybdenum (Ma-lib-de-mum) or Moly. These have high melting
points and low vapor pressures. Have high resistance to welding,
pitting and arc erosion but high electrical resistances. Used
in horn contacts. |
| Relay |
A
device that uses an electrical signal of smaller voltage or
amperage to then move a larger current or voltage through it
to reduce it’s own wear. |
| Releases |
Describes
a customer’s request to have parts (usually from an annual
order or blanket order) sent to them on a regular or scheduled. |
| RFQ
|
Request
for Quote(ation). |
| Rivet(s) |
Term
to describe a part with a head larger than it’s body or
shank designed to be clinched or "staked" onto another
part as in a blade or backing piece. |
| S |
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| Screw
machine |
A
single spindle machine (sometimes made by the Swiss resembling
a lathe) that a part made on one at a time. Makes a part complete
(head, shank, threads etc.) one at a time. It is a slower process
than heading a part and more expensive. |
Semi-Tubular
see Tubular |
A
part (contact or rivet) that has a partial hole in the shank.
|
| Shank |
A
portion of a contact or rivet that is usually inserted into
a hole. |
| Shear |
A
process variation where the head of the rivet is scraped along
the die and a small piece of that goes into the die of a part
creating a defective part. |
| Shear
Strength |
The
amount of force (there is more that one measurement standard)
it takes to remove or separate two bonded materials. |
| Shut |
A
visible section of the head of a part where material meets in
a fold due to the forming of the part while heading. This is
not always bad since some parts can’t be formed in heading
without this process. |
| Shopfloor |
A
term that designates the area where products are primarily produced.
|
| Skiving |
A
cutting process removing or separating clad metals, usually
precious metals from base metals, from a strip of material in
order to salvage the precious metal. |
| Solid
State |
A
silicone based control device to control electrical flow. |
| Solenoid |
An
electromechanical magnetic device that usually engages a mechanical
process while providing electrical connections simultaneously. |
| SPC |
Statistical
Process Control The use of statistical techniques such as control
charts to analyze a process or its outputs so as to take appropriate
actions to achieve and maintain a state of statistical control
and to improve the process capability. Identify the primary
and secondary sources of variations and implement methods to
reduce or eliminate them. |
| Spec
review |
Specification
review. A meeting to discuss requirements, prints and specifications
and tolerances, materials etc. related to making the customer’s
part. |
Spot-Buy
see Annual |
A
term than describes a pricing feature to offer the most cost
effective way for a customer to purchase their parts and take
deliver in less than a 90 days for the entire volume. |
| Squirt(extrusion) |
A
heading term describing the process of forming the shank of
a part by forcing the material into a smaller diameter hole
than the original wire size. |
| Stake |
A
process or forming (mushrooming) the shank of a to clinch it
to a blade or assembly. |
| Stamping |
A
part made from strip material formed by dies in a punch. Some
stampings are made to bend and act as a part of a switch, which
a contact may be welded to or staked onto. |
| Standard
cost |
A
pricing process for raw material and labor to reflect the calculated
cost a manufacture uses to establish a baseline cost of manufacturing
a given part. |
| Stress
Relieve |
Conditioning
machine composite parts in a furnace at a specific temperature
600 degrees for about 3 hours to make them less rigid. |
| Switch |
A
mechanical device used to control the flow of electricity through
it to another device you operate for an on/off condition. |
| T |
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| Tape
Weld(ing) |
A
process that utilizes a reel of metal (tape that becomes the
contact) made from a specific material that is cut and welded
into place on a backing or blade in an automatic process. |
| Taper |
A
name describing a ramping form of a small end gradually gets
larger. Normally a taper is used to allow some dimension of
a part be easily inserted into a hole or slot in another operation. |
| Temper |
A
condition produced in metal by heating it and or mechanical
treatment. |
| Tensile
Strength |
A
measurement that describes a degree that material can withstand
being pulled apart from it self, when a specific load is applied. |
| Terminal |
Usually
describes a part whose form is designed to plug in or be attached
to another part or device to allow electricity to flow through
it and is removable when required. |
| Thermostat |
A
device designed to automatically interrupt the flow of electrical
energy flowing through it to another device when it sense temperatures
it is calibrated to respond too. |
| Tilts |
A
raised side of a brazed contact that should rest flat on the
backing. |
| TIR |
Total
Indicator Read-out; a measurement comparison of the out-of-around
dimensions of at least two diameters on a part. |
| Tool
bit rings |
|
| Tool
Marks |
Physical
and observable feature made on parts as a result of the tooling
in the machines. Usually undesirable and not intentional. |
| Tri-metal |
Three
metals normally with the main purpose of reducing cost using
as little of the precious metal content as possible. |
| Troy
Ounce |
A
measurement of weight abbreviated. T.O |
| Tubular |
Refers
to a rivet with a hole in the shank that usually goes through
the entire part as in a "ventilated" part. Sometimes
referred to as a semi-tubular. |
| Tungsten
|
A
refractory metal (element) used for certain properties. |
| U |
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| Up
mark |
An
indicator mark purposely put into the tooling so it shows a
specific side of a part that is visible to a person who needs
to distinguish a top and a bottom of a part for brazing or assembly. |
| Upsetting |
A
method of applying pressure on the shank end of a rivet or contact
to make the material flow a desired way over a sufficient range
of the backing or blade assembly. |
| V |
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| Ventilated
|
A
part with a hole punched through it. |
| Voids
|
Gaps
or areas not filled in as desired |
| W |
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| Weld
Projection |
A
small protrusion on the back of a contact that allows it to
be fused into the part it is to be welded to. |
| Welding |
Controlled
process of using electrical current to melt and fuse two materials
together into a desired bond. |
| Wire
Weld(ing) |
Wire
electrode on a spool to bond by welding to a blade automatically
cutting it and forming the cut piece welded to a desired shape. |
| WSM |
Workmanship
Standards Manual, Norstan, Inc. book showing our (Norstan, Inc.)
terminology and providing standards for manufacturing when customers
don’t provide them. |
| Y |
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| Yield
Strength |
The
ability of a material to resist plastic deformation. |
